Noções Básicas de Arquivos

Publicado  sexta-feira, 20 de agosto de 2010

Para que possamos entender como organizar e como escolher o melhor método ou sistema de organização que atenda as nossas necessidades, é necessário que se entenda o que são os ARQUIVOS...
O que é Arquivo?
Tenho certeza que todos sabem o que é um arquivo, mas podemos dar mais valor a essa palavra?
O Dicionário Brasileiro de Terminologia Arquivística define como o termo Arquivo como sendo:
“Conjunto de documentos produzidos e acumulados por uma entidade coletiva, pública ou privada, pessoa ou família, no desempenho de suas atividades, independentemente da natureza do suporte
Os conjuntos de atas de reuniões da Diretoria, de projetos de pesquisa e de relatórios de atividades, as resoluções, os boletins informação, processos. Constituem – se o arquivo de uma unidade, por exemplo, e devem naturalmente refletir as suas atividades.
Notem que nessa definição existe um termo diferente: “natureza do suporte”
E o que vem a ser natureza do suporte? Alguém imagina?
Esse mesmo dicionário define suporte como sendo o material no qual são registradas as informações.
Por exemplo: Em que material é registrado um jornal impresso? Em papel. Certo?? ... então o papel é o suporte da informação que está contida aqui...
Agora um CD por exemplo, aonde esta registrada, gravada a informação? No próprio CD, em suas trilhas, onde são registradas as informações...
Então podemos dizer aqui que um documento é a informação mais suporte??!
Sim. Vocês acabaram de conhecer a definição de documento: Qualquer informação registrada em um suporte.
Outras definições para o termo Arquivo:
Arquivo também pode ser definido como a entidade ou órgão administrativo responsável pela custodia, pelo tratamento documental e pela utilização dos arquivos sob sua jurisdição.
Ex.: Arquivo Público do DF.
E tem mais: ARQUIVO também é conhecido como móvel ou armário que guarda documentos.
Tipos de arquivos
Baseados nas primeiras definições podemos dizer que existem vários tipos de arquivos, tudo depende dos objetivos e competências das entidades que os produzem.
Segundo as entidades criadoras/mantenedoras os arquivos podem ser classificados em:
Públicos (federal, estadual, municipal)
Institucionais (escolas, igrejas, sociedades, clubes, associações)
Comerciais (empresas, corporações, campanhas); e
Pessoais (fotos de família, cartas, originais de trabalhos etc)
Mas será que o Arquivo guarda somente documentos em papel? Não.
Os arquivos que guardam discos, filmes, fitas são chamados de Arquivos Especiais...
Existem aqueles que guardam documentos gerados por atividades muito especializadas como os arquivos médicos, de imprensa, de engenharia, literários e que muitas vezes precisam ser organizados com técnicas e com materiais específicos. São conhecidos como Arquivos Especializados.
Fonte: Adaptação do Treinamento apresentado por Marcio Augusto Ferreira Guimarães

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